Bobagarani nogo kokborok yakarwi kok-wanjui salaifung chung bodwi salaithai?

Mukul Kanti Tripura

Tripura hani Bobagararokni nukhungo tama kok salaijalai obono lagwi suithai nango hinwi ang bakha kajakha. Tamani hinkhai, Chini Kokborok bobagarani nogo tama hinwi kang chejaklia obono wansogwi sinani-suinani bagwi.   Bobagararok kabang kabang bisi uloni jora Tripura hano shason khaiwi phaio hinwi chung jottobo sio. Chini bobagarani laibuma tongo, ha tongo, nok tongo, manui sanamjak tongo akhai aro kabang bijaprok tongo, jeborokno naikhai, nungkhai, porewi naikhai sai mano. Chung jottobo silaio Kokborok ongkha chini borokni Kok, Mani bukhukni nakholnai kok, Kaisani kaisa salainai-hinlainai kok.  Esuk gorja Kokborokni langma para-murago darogwi tongphung Bobagarani nukhungo thangwi tamani bagwi aiuk baralang imo wansukthai kurungsa manuise.  Bobagara Tripura bosongni kaisa borok, Kokborok sanai bisingni kaisa borok, chungno kosol bukung bara, mokol mukse jaiti kaisa borok. Mator jabuini Bobagararok Kokborok samanlangphung paithak atani jorago Bobagarani nukhungo Kokborok sajakya hinwi sajago.

Bosongni kok kokboroktwi bobagarani kokbo kokborokse:

Anthropology ni mote hinkhai Tripura(Borok) bosong  Mongoloid bongsoni achaimani hinjago. Tabok kok ongkha chini bobagararok tama Tripura (Borok) bosongni? Chung je borokrokno Borok(Tripura) bosongni borok hinwi bakha ka bokni kokni mung ongkha kokborok.  In’ kok Tripura ha, Bangla ha dio kabang sajagwi tongo tabokbo. In’ bosongni 36 dophani kok in’ Kokborok.

Bobagarani nukhungo Kok-wanjui salaini chengjakma:

Tripura hago jabui jabuini jora kokborokse sajagwi tongo. Tani hinkhai Tripura jatini kokni mungse kokborok. Mator Tripura hago bakhuluini jora kok-wanjui salaini chenglaikha obono daijya khaiwi kaisabo sasukmanya. Wanjui rokbai poila gamkhaiwi kathajalainai Bobagara ongkha Bobagara Ratna Pha. Bono ulo Goureshwr ‘Manikya’ mung rokhai bini mungni ulo aiphugoni jora Ratna Manikya hinwi sajago.  Kok-wanjui Bobagarani nukhungo salaini chenjakha hinwi sajago Bobagara Ratna manikkya ni jorago. Aiphugo Boro Kh-b Ghose, Patiraj, Joy Narayan Sen Bok kaitham wainjuino Lokkhonaboti daini Tripura hago tokha. Togwi boni bak ja ja nang jotto manui rogwi bini kokni mote samung tangrokha.[1] Sajago, Aiphugoni jora Tripura hago Kok-wanjui salaini chengjago hinwi sajago. Shri Nalini Ranjan Raychoudhury bini ‘Manikya Shasanadhin Tripurar Itihas’ bijap daio wanjui kokbai suikha-

“রত্নমাণিক্যের আমলে ত্রিপুরার সঙ্গে বাংলার ঘনিষ্ঠ যোগাযোগ স্থাপিত হয়। বেশ কিছু সংখ্যক বাঙালি ব্রাহ্মণ, বৈদ্য, কায়স্থ ত্রিপুরায় এসে স্থায়ীভাবে বসতি স্থাপন করেন। রাজমালার বর্ণনা মতে গৌরেশ^রের অনুমতিক্রমে তিনি দশ হাজার বাঙালিকে ত্রিপুরায় প্রতিষ্ঠিত করেছিলেন। বাঙালি হিন্দু ও কৃষক ত্রিপুরায় চাষবাসের অধিকার পাওয়ায় ত্রিপুরার রাজস্ব বৃদ্ধি পায়। রত্নমাণিক্য বাংলার সুলতানি শাসনের অনুকরণে ত্রিপুরার শাসন পদ্ধতির সংস্কার করেন। প্রশাসনে বাংলা ও পার্সি ভাষার প্রচলন শুরু হয়। ”[2]

In’ Bobagara 10,000 wanjui rokno Tripura hago togwi achokrophaika. Bini In’ kokbai saimano, Aiphugoni jora rajjyogo bobagara wanjui kok sanani chengrojak. Apurba Chandra Bhattacharyya bini bijap ‘Progressive Tripura’ daio suikha-

“For the cultural improvement of the people and reconstruction of society on up-to-date ideals, he brought from Lakshanabati, the capital of Gour, some eminent Brahmins and Kayesthas to Tripura. Of them oone Khandav Ghosh and one Pandit Raj- two notable Kayesthas, were entrusted with ministerial charge and to Joy Narayan Sen of the Dhannantari family was made over the charge of the medical department . Moreover, during this period a host of Brahmins, Baidyas and Kayesthas came from different parts of Bengal and got permanently settled in Tripura.”[3]

Kok-wanjuibai bijap suiroma aro o kokbai rajya shason khaimani:

Chini rajarok kok-wanjuino hamjagwi kok-wanjuibai lekha suio akhai aro in’ kokbai rajya shasonbo khaiwi phaijak hinwi sajago. Tripura hani jabui jabuini kacham kacham Rang, kacham kacham suijak holong, kacham kacham bijap akhai aro kacham kacham hani lekha suijakrokno porewi naikhai nungjago Rajarokni kok kokborokphung kok-wanjuinose suinanibagwi yago lajak. Jotoni ulobai chini borokrok Kokborokno Rajyani kok sanamnani bagwi ulta aro matheparajalaijak. Akhai, Tripura ha chini bosongni ha hinkhai tamani bagwi rajya shason khaipugo kokborokbai khailia? Imotwi kokno lagwi Kaylaschandra Singh bini ‘Rajmala’ bijapdaio suikha-

“প্রাচীনকাল হইতে ত্রিপুরার রাজকার্য বাঙ্গালা ভাষায় সম্পাদিত হইতেছে। ত্বদ্বারা সাহিত্যের উন্নতি সাধিত হইয়াছে। ত্রিপুরাবাসী বাঙ্গালীগন জাতীয় ভাষার উন্নতির জন্য বিশেষ যতœ ও চেষ্টা করিয়াছেন। ত্রিপুরেশ^রগণ তাদের আশ্রয় ও উৎসাহদাতা ছিলেন।” [4]

Kaylaschandra Singh hinba jabui jabuini jora Rajsamung kok-wanjuibaise chkgo. Obobai kokrwbai hamo. Tripurani wanjuirok in’ kokno hamronani bagwi kabang joton lagwi chaitaijalaidong. Tripureshwr rokse bokno tongnani ha ronai akhai aro phanbo ronai.  Bobagara Dharma Manikkyani Jorago Shukreshwr bai Baneshwr Rajmalano Kok-Wanjuibai suijakkha hinwi sajago. In’ ‘Rajmala’ poila kok-wanjuibai Tripura hago suinai bijap ongmano. Sakango suijak Rajmalani badebo Bobagara kok-wnjuino hamjagwi wanjui suinai-khainai rokno rogwi wanjui kokbai kokphilrogwi suirojak. 1714 Engreji bisi jorago Bobagara Dharma Manikya(2nd) Tripura hani nainai-nungnaino yachagwi lamani ulo Mahabharat bijapno wanjui kokbai suirokha. Bobagara Dhana Manikyani jorago suirokha ‘Utkal Kantha’, ‘Pachari Jatra’, ‘Ratnakar Nidhi’ . Bobagara Gobinda Manikayni jorago wanjui kokbai ‘Brihannaradia Puran’, Bobagara Jagat Manikyani jorago ‘Kria Jogsagar’ mungtwi wanjui kokbai sabaiwi suirokha. Bobagara Krisna Manikyani Jorago wanjui kokbai suirokha ‘Champak Bijoy’, ‘Krisnamala’ bijaprok.

Bobagarani nukhungo Kok-wanjui salaijakha Birchandra Manikya Bahadurni joragobo. Bini jorago Kok-wanjui kabang kabang erjak Tripura hago. Bo suikha ‘Hori’,  ‘Jhulan’, ‘Akal Kusum’, ‘Utchas’, ‘Sohag’, ‘Prem Marichika’ mungtwi wanjui kokbai bijaprok.[5] Bini jorago Gobinda Das, Jaduvatta Kashem Ali Khan, Nisar Hosen, Kulanda Box, Keshab Mitra, Panchanan Mitra, Volanath Basu, Madan Mitrano kosol suinai sanairok.  Bobagara Pondit Ram Narayan Bidyaratnani ‘Shrimadvagabat’ bijapno sapainani bagwi 50,000 rang rojak hinwi sajago.[6]   Dr. Dinesh Chandra Sen bini ‘Bangavasa o Sahitya’ bijapno sapaiphugoni Bobagara Birchandra Manikya rang rogwi sapairojak.  Engreji 1882 jora ata Rabindranath Tagoreno kosol gam gam suinairokno Bobagara rangkhok-pwisa rogwi bijap chapainani chubachu rojak. Rabindranathni Vognohridoy bijapno porewi Bobagara Rabindranathno ‘ Varot Vaskar’, hinwibo mung rokha. Rabindranath bai Bobagararokni kathalaima lagwi Tripura State Portal daio suijak tongo-

“Nobel-laureate Rabindra Nath Tagore's close relation with the princely state of Tripura and its four successive rulers forms an important chapter in the state's history. This was of course a natural corollary to the liberal patronage extended to Bengali language and culture by the Manikya dynasty rulers of Tripura since the days of King Ratna Manikya (1464-68). It was in the course of a political crisis that Tripura's ruling monarch Krishna Kishore Manikya (1830-1849) had got in touch with Prince Dwaraka Nath Tagore, grandfather of Rabindra Nath. In his maiden letter to King Bir Chandra Manikya ( 1862-1896) dated May 6, 1886 Rabindra Nath Tagore had referred to this familial relation while seeking ingredients of Tripura's history on which he later based his celebrated novel 'Rajarshi' and dramas 'Visarjan' and 'Mukut'.”[7]

Obotwi khaiwi Jagadish Chandra Basu, Ostat Alauddin Khan aro kabangma wanjui suikurung bai wansokmakurung borokrok Tripura hago tongthokjak. Bobagara Radha Kishore Manikya, Bobagara Birendra Kishore Manikya, Bobagara Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya joto bobagararokni nukhungo wanjui kok kabang kabang erjak, Bok wanjui kokbai rajya shason khairojak, wanjui kokbai bijap suirojak, wanjuirono kabang kabang tongnani ha yagwi rojak.

Rajani nok bisingo kokborok chejakliamani:

Chini bobagararokni bisingo Birbikram Kishore Manikya Debbarma ni bade aro  joto rajarok Kokborok samano hinwi sajago. Akhai tamani bagwi Birbikram ar bini ulonirok kokborok samanlia? Samani khanago Moharaja Birchandra bini basa juboraj Radhakishoreno wanjui phurungnai lagwise phurungrosio. Aithani Radhakishorebo giraphangsini nok bisingo wanjui kokse sasiba kokborok phariphung kang sathallia.  Kok-wanjuinose mani kok hinwi sasio. ar jottono kok Rajani nok bisingo kokborok sanani mathagwi rokha. Kokborokbai dictionary suiphung sapailia. Manipurni Raja Bhagya Chandrani bahanokjukbai kaijagwi monipuri kokse sagwi tongsio. Ar sajala Birendra Kishoreno Nepaljukbai kaijago hinwi nepalkokbo salaikha Rajani nukhungo, Rajani nogo arai khaiwi waisakhai wanjui kok, waisakhai Manipuri kok, waisakhai Nepali kokse salaijalaisio, mator kokboroklai ar chejaklia. Wansogwi naikhai mano. Jephugo bangla ha British rokni yaphago thangkha oboni jora Britishrok wanjui kokbai lekha suiya. Joto dio Engrejise suirogo. Mator Tripura hago Raja kokborok sanai ongwibo kok-wanjuinose achokrosio.

Somajo manganang ongwi tongnani muchuklaiwi kok-wanjui salaimani:

Tripura hani rajarokbai bini boma-basa, takhuk-bukhukrok (jara rajani nukhungo tonglai) wanjui kok salaikhaise borokbai man rojaknai hinwi bakha kalaio. Tani hinkhai, Kokborok sago ongkhadwi chini bosongni borokrok. Je borokrok kang wanjui kok mansukya. Ar rajya shason khainani bagwibo wanjui kokse nangsio. Akhai aiphugoni molago rajani burui rokbo kokborok mansuklaiya. Kokborokno bok gira kok hinwise bakha kasio. Aithani bok bakha kago wanjui kok sakhalaise boni man kabang ongo, kokborok sakhai man manya. Ang bakha kago obo sakni bai sakse chaya samung tanglaisio chini rajani nokni borokrok. Bangla hago jephugo Pakistanirok shason khaika aiphugo nungjago wanjuirokbo kaisa kainui Urdu kok salaitio. Urdu kok sakhaise bok Pakistanni manganang borok ongnai hinwi bakha kalaio. Mator bok wansokgwibo manjia Bangla ha shadhin onngno. Arai khaiwi chini rajani korekara tongnairokbo Kok-wanjuibaise kabang salai-hinlai onglaisio.

Wanjuirokno surungwi wanjui kok salaimani :

Kaylaschandra Singh bini Rajmala bijapni Upokramika suithani Tripurarokni kok je salni sal wanjui kokbai buljagwi thangdong obono lagwi suijak. Tunui chung nungdong  chini Bangla hanibo Chandpur, Comilla, Rangamati rokno kosol kono kono jagago tabok kokborok sanani palokjalaikha. Bokni aria khaiwi palogwi thamani aro kabangma karon tongphung wanjui kokno surungwi satwi satwi Kokborokno palogwi thamani haise. Kaylaschandra Singh bini Rajmala bijap daini Upokramika dio suikha-

“ত্রিপুরাদিগের স্বতন্ত্র একটি ভাষা আছে। ইহা লিখিত ভাষা নহে। তাহাদিগের পাশর্^বর্ত্তী অন্যান্য পার্ব্বত্য জাতির ভাষার সহিত ইহার বিশেষ সংশ্রব রহিয়াছে। কিন্তু অবিকৃত ও বিকৃত বাঙ্গালা শব্দ ক্রমে এই ভাষায় প্রবেশ করিতেছে। ”[8]

In’ kok Kaylash suikha tunuini bisi rasanibo ulo. Ar tabokni jorago nungjakdong bini koklai kokobwise ongkha. Chini Tripura bosongni kishu nukhungo tabokbo kokborok manphung kok-wanjui ar kok-chakmarok salaio. Imono sobo tama baka kano ang sia mator kokborok sanani rungkhai chini bai chung kokborok salaikhaise chini kok darogwi tongnai. Chini bosongni je borokrok kokborok saman bok jara samanya boknobo phurungthai nangono, chung Jodi chini kokno darogroni naio hinkhai.

Tabok chini  khaitai samungrok:

Chini kok kokborokno hamjagwi joton khaiwi chelaiwi hamroni naikhalai chung Kokborokno darokrogwi tonmannai. Tamani hinkhai in’ kok chini mani kok, in’ kok chini bakhani kok, kaisani oroni salok lagwi takmani kokya. Chung tabok ni jorago tongnairok tama tama samung tangman in’ kokno darokronanikha obono kia naidi:

1.      Kabang kabang kokborokbai kok salaithai;

2.      Kokbrokno lagwi wansokjalaithai;

3.      Kokborok surungnani-phurungnani samung yago lalaithai;

4.      Kokborokbai kabang kabang kokrwbai suilaithai;

5.      Kokbrokni kamajak kokthairokno naitugwi karijalaithai;

6.      Kokborokbai suinani bagwi katal cherokrokno hayukthai;

7.      Kokborokbai magazine, newspaper tikhalaijalaithai

8.      Kokborokno tama khaiwi kabang kabang hamroman obono chaitaijalaithai.

Kok-paithak:

Ang in’ sakago suinai kokrokno salaimani karon ongkha, chini jabuini kokrokno sikhalai chung saknibai sak wansogwi samung tangmano. Chini  bobagararok kokborok lagwi je samungno tangwi thangka oboni bagwi chung tabok mawansokjalaidong. Tamani hinkhai chini rajarok pharikhamung kokborokno aro rangkhok poisa rogwi hamronani. Rajyago aphis-adaloto kokborok sanamnani bagwi yago jora tongwibo bok sanamlailia. Joto jagago wanjui koknose sanamwi rosio. Oboni poreobo rajani nogo kokborok kumugwi thanglangphung chini bosongni oro mator kumugjia in’ kok. Aithani tabokbo jora tongkho chung tabokbo chaitaijalaio hinkhai kokborokno aro hamromannaise. 

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[1] http://oldsite.dailyjanakantha.com/news_view.php?nc=37&dd=2012-07-27&ni=104444

[2] Nalini Ranjan Raychoudhury, Manikya Shasanadhin Tripurar Itihas, Page: 30(2^nd Edition- 1410 Tring, October, 2011 AD., Gyanobichitra Prakasoni, Agartala, Tripura).

[3]Apurba Chandra Bhattacharyya, Progressive Tripura, Page: 16(1930, Calcutta).

[4] Shri Kaylaschandra Singh, Rajmala ba Tripurar Itihas, Page: Upakramika-53, (1303 bangla, Ashin, published by Shri Yuges Chandra).

[5] Pravangshu Tripura, Tripura Jatir Manikya Upakhyan Page: 94(9 Talslang, 1410 Tring, 21 February, 2001 AD.)

[6] Pravangshu Tripura, Tripura Rajdarbare Bangali Monishibrinda(Article), EMANG, Page: 5(Editor: Khagen Tripura, 9 August, 2009)

[7] https://tripura.gov.in/rabindranath

[8] Shri Kaylaschandra Singh, Rajmala ba Tripurar Itihas, Page: Upakramika-29, (1303 bangla, Ashin, published by Shri Yuges Chandra).